文章最後更新於 06/09/2022 by aillynotes
目前赴美除了要提供COVID19陰性證明外、自2021年11月8日起，搭乘飛機赴美旅客（非公民、綠卡）者還需要提供疫苗接種證明才能登機。文章整理美國CDC核可的疫苗種類、需要提供的證明方式（英文、中文）、公民與綠卡身份需要準備的赴美文件、PCR或抗原快篩檢驗。
美國CDC正式規定內容
CDC規定內容：Requirement for Proof of COVID-19 Vaccination for Air Passengers | CDC
自2021年11月8日起，搭乘飛機赴美旅客（非公民、綠卡者）者需要提供疫苗接種證明才能登機；而先前規定的需要持有COVID-19陰性證明仍然持續執行。，所有2歲以上旅客（無論是公民、綠卡、或旅客），都需要提供PCR/或Antigen Test COVID-19陰性證明才能登機。
- 也就是說，此次規定新增需要提供的疫苗紀錄證明，主要針對的是非公民、非綠卡、非移民意圖簽證的旅客。
- 但2歲以上飛往美國的旅客，不論是何種身份，都需要提供NAATs/RT-PCR /或Antigen Test的陰性檢測結果（但是會視是否完全接種而影響PCR/或Antigen Test的測試天數為三天或一天）。
- If you are a non-U.S. citizen who is a nonimmigrant (not a U.S. citizen, U.S. national, lawful permanent resident, or traveling to the United States on an immigrant visa), you will need to show proof of being fully vaccinated against COVID-19 before you travel by air to the United States from a foreign country.
- Some categories of noncitizen, nonimmigrants are excepted from this requirement. If you meet the criteria for one of these categories, you will need to fulfill additional requirements to travel by air to the United States.
- At this time, all air passengers ages 2 or older, regardless of citizenship or vaccination status, must show a negative result of a COVID-19 viral test or documentation of recovery from COVID-19 before they board a flight to the United States. For more information about these testing requirements.
美國CDC對NAATs Test的定義，有包含RT-PCR Test：Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) | CDC
小孩也需要提供疫苗證明嗎？
依據美國CDC官方說明，如果不是美國公民或綠卡（Noncitizens, Nonimmigrants），則符合以下條件可以不提供疫苗施打證明。
- Persons on diplomatic or official foreign government travel
- Children under 18 years of age
- Persons with documented medical contraindications to receiving a COVID-19 vaccine
- Participants in certain COVID-19 vaccine trials
- Persons issued a humanitarian or emergency exception
- Persons with valid visas [excluding B-1 (business) or B-2 (tourism) visas] who are citizens of a foreign country with limited COVID-19 vaccine availability (See list for updates that will be effective June 28, 2022)
- Members of the U.S. Armed Forces or their spouses or children (under 18 years of age)
- Sea crew members traveling with to a C-1 and D nonimmigrant visa
- Persons whose entry would be in the national interest, as determined by the Secretary of State, Secretary of Transportation, or Secretary of Homeland Security (or their designees)
可接受的疫苗品牌（美國、WHO緊急核可的都行）
| Vaccines Approved or Authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration | Vaccines Listed for Emergency Use (EUL) by the World Health Organization | |
| Single dose 只需接種一劑就算完全接種的 | Janssen/J&J 嬌生 | Janssen/J&J 嬌生 |
| 2-dose series 需要接種兩劑才算完全接種的 | Pfizer-BioNTech 輝瑞 Moderna 莫德納 | Pfizer-BioNTech 輝瑞 Moderna 莫德納 AstraZeneca AZ疫苗 Covishield BIBP/Sinopharm Sinovac |
Fully Vaccinated定義
在需要施打1劑/或需要施打2劑（如上述的疫苗列表），在施打完最後一劑的14天後就算完全接種。
- 2 weeks (14 days) after your dose of an accepted single-dose COVID-19 vaccine; or
- 2 weeks (14 days) after your second dose of an accepted 2-dose series COVID-19 vaccine; or
- 2 weeks (14 days) after you received the full series of an active (not placebo) COVID-19 vaccine in the U.S.-based AstraZeneca or Novavax COVID-19 vaccine trials; or
- 2 weeks (14 days) after you received 2 doses of any “mix-and-match” combination of accepted COVID-19 vaccines administered at least 17 days apart.* 兩種疫苗混打的狀況
If you don’t meet these requirements, you are NOT fully vaccinated.
14天如何計算？
美國CDC也提供如何計算14天的規定，離最後一劑施打要間隔完整14天後才能登機。
- Your last dose must have been given a full 14 days before the day you board your flight to the United States.
- You are considered fully vaccinated on the 14th day after the vaccination series was completed. For example, if your last dose was any time on October 1st, then October 15th would be the first day that you meet the 14-day requirement.
需要準備的疫苗施打證明、疫苗施打證明紀錄
疫苗証明的文字不一定要是英文，只要是航空公司辦理登機的地勤人員能閱讀辨認即可。以這個規定而言，美國的CDC疫苗接種小白卡、台灣的接種黃卡、疫苗接種黃皮書都可以用作登機使用。
而如果是外籍航空公司，也可以到各地的衛生所、健康服務中心申請疫苗證明英文版（要付工本費）
| Documentation Type | Examples |
|---|---|
| Verifiable records (digital or paper) | Vaccination certificate with QR code1, digital pass via Smartphone application with QR code1 (e.g., United Kingdom National Health Service COVID Pass, European Union Digital COVID Certificate) |
| Non-verifiable paper records | Printout of COVID-19 vaccination record or a COVID-19 vaccination certificate issued at national or subnational level or by an authorized vaccine provider (e.g., the CDC vaccination card) |
| Non-verifiable digital records | Digital photos of vaccination card or record, downloaded vaccine record or vaccination certificate from official source (e.g., public health agency, government agency, or other authorized vaccine provider), or a mobile phone application without QR code1 |
所有符合規定的疫苗証明都需要以下資訊
- 符合旅客旅行證件的姓名跟生日 Personal identifiers (at a minimum, full name and date of birth) that match the personal identifiers on the passenger’s passport or other travel documents
- 疫苗紀錄發行的官方名稱（例如公共衛生機構、政府組織、其他授權供應商） Name of official source issuing the record (e.g., public health agency, government agency, or other authorized vaccine provider)
- 疫苗製造商和接種日期 Vaccine manufacturer and date(s) of vaccination
如果是出國留學、遊學、想要申請黃皮書如何處理？
黃皮書就是「國際預防接種 / 預防措施證明書」，需要攜帶
- 健保卡
- 護照正本或影本
- 小黃卡
前往國內32家旅遊醫學合約醫院（或簡稱旅醫門診）掛號，由醫師查詢我國「全國性預防接種資訊管理系統（VACC）」紀錄及確認後開立。
台灣旅遊醫學門診清單：旅遊醫學門診 – 衛生福利部疾病管制署 (cdc.gov.tw)
若不在國內接種疫苗者，不列入黃皮書登載。費用依「港埠檢疫費用徵收辦法」，補證（未持有黃皮書者）為新臺幣200元；加簽（已持有黃皮書者）為新臺幣150元；至於醫院掛號費、診察費等，依各醫院規定收費。
但如果不在國內施打者，可以提供海外疫苗施打證明，補登在健保快易通App中，只會有電子紀錄顯示，不會額外發放台灣的黃卡或黃皮書，所以海外施打者務必自行保存海外施打證明紙本。
美國CDC針對需要提供COVID-19陰性證明的詳細說明
由於變種病毒Omicron出現，新規定自11/6起入境美國，2歲以上的乘客都須出示1天內新冠肺炎COVID-19陰性證明，以下文章介紹美國CDC規定的返美核酸檢測/PCR檢測、或Antigen快篩檢測（美國規定只需要其中一種檢測結果）。附上台灣自費檢驗PCR核酸檢測的醫療院所完整清單、及台北、新北、桃園、台中、彰化、高雄可作抗原快篩的醫院清單。
CDC amended its October 25, 2021 Order, titled, “Requirement for Proof of Negative COVID-19 Test or Recovery from COVID-19 for All Air Passengers Arriving in the United States.” This amendment updates COVID-19 testing requirements for air passengers 2 years or older boarding a flight to the United States.
All air passengers 2 years or older with a flight departing to the US from a foreign country at or after 12:01am EST (5:01am GMT) on December 6, 2021, are required show a negative COVID-19 viral test result taken no more than 1 day before travel, or documentation of having recovered from COVID-19 in the past 90 days, before they board their flight.
Air passengers will also be required to confirm in the form of an attestation that the information they present is true.
For the full list of requirements and exemptions, please review the language in the Order.
Source: 美國CDC Requirement for Proof of Negative COVID-19 Test or Documentation of Recovery from COVID-19 | CDC
Summary
目前搭機赴美規定較多，如果是從美國出發返台，也記得要帶上、準備好自己的疫苗証明。歡迎加入FB粉絲團，每週分享美國生活省錢＆美國稅務知識。
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